Method of and apparatus for concrete construction



K. H. NHDDENDORF, 1. M. DAVIS 0. G. BOWEN. METHOD OF ND APPARATUS FOR CONCRETE CONSTRUCTTON. APPLICATION FILED IAN. 20, 191s.

S. Faented TTQV. 21, TOTO forms, as well as to each other, by means of a suitable adhesive agent. As such means common flour paste maybe used, being a substance which may be softened or dissolved and rendered less adhesive, by the action of Water, after holding the covering4 sheets in place as long may be necessary. This adhesive agent must be able to hold the covers in place during the progress of the Work in Windy weather, and must be of such quality that, when soaked with water from the concrete, it will lose adhesiveness and Will no longer stick the covering-sheets to the forms when the latter are ready to be removed. With some suitable sharp-pointed instrument the holes 5, shown in Fig. l, are next punched through the covering-sheets at such points as may be desired. 'lhe usual hanger wires, or rods, 6, instead of being inserted in the usual wire-holes through the forms, and in uniformly predetermined positions, are inserted through the holes 5 in the covering-sheets, and are dependent be tween the forms, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, Wherever it is most advantageous that these suspension members should be placed. Being'in this way spaced and located independently of the spacingof the flooring joists, they are adapted to suspend in an advantageous manner the standard sizes of ceiling elements without waste by any trimming or overlapping of these elements. '.lhe steel rods'? are placed in position to reinforce the joist-s 8 in the usual manner. lhe concrete mixture is then poured upon the covering-sheets 3 and Ll without coming in contact with the forms. While the concrete is hardening, the adhesive agent between the fcfms and the covering-sheets is dissolved or kept soft by the water which soaks from the concrete through these sheets. After taking down the centering, the forms are then removed with the greatest ease and convenience, while the covering-sheets are either removed from the concrete or left adherent thereto, as may be found most convenient. This method, therefore, not only reduces the usual cost of removing steel forms, but also reduces or saves the cost of straightening and cleaning them for subsequent use. It saves the labor which is ordinarily expended in overcoming` the natln'al cohesion between the concrete and the metallic forms, and in prying loose, or otherwise separating, the forms from the concrete, a

labor which is often of considerable magnitude by reason of the circumstance that, 1n

reason, and because our forms are not subjected to the hard usage above referred to, they may advantageously and safely be made of thinner and lighter sheet metal J than has heretofore been commonly used 1n manufacturing class.

The material composing the coveringsheets 3 and 4:, need 'not be of uniform porosity or permeability in all instances, but may differ in different instances and in dif fering climatic conditions. In some instances it must be subjected to waterproofing treatment, while in other instances all such treatment may be dispensed with, in View of atn'iospheric conditionsand the grade of the material. (,)peratively it must in all cases be suiiiciently permeable to permit the passage of sui'licient moisture therethrough, and suiiciently impervious to prevent the passage of cementitious material from the concrete poured thereon. It must be pliable, in

forms of the same general order that the covering-sheets may be made to conform to the shape of the forms by a minimum expenditure of labor and without injurious cracking of the sheets. It must be of considerable toughness in order that it may not be torn or ruptured when perforated by the described nire-holes, nor when subjected to ordinary loads while spanning the spaces 'between the ends of adjacent forms without intermediate support, during the construction of the floor. The extent of each of these spaces is advantageously made as great as the strength of this material will allow.

The described consti-mation, though illustrated with special reference to flooring, is equally applicable, without essential modi iication, to other architectural members which are shaped by the use of removable forms of the same general type.

Such being our method of concrete construction and our apparatus therefor, our invention accomplishes its specified object in each and all of the particulars above enumerated.

`We claiml. That improvement in the art of constructing concrete flooring of the joist type which consists in supporting a plurality of vaulted sheet-metal forms on centering, aflixing with an adhesive agent solube in slice -inetal forms, litting over and between the lorms a pluraltiy ot' pliable coveringslieets permeable to water, sticking the covering-sheets lo the outside oi' the iornis with an adhesive agent subject to deterioratioir liy wetting, pouring the concrete on the corering-sheets so stuck, permitting water from the poured concrete to soak through the sheets and wet the adhesive agent, and then removing the centering and the forms.

3. rl`hat improvement in the art of constructing concrete iiooring olI the Vjoist type which eonsists in supporting on horizontal centering a plurality of forms longitudinally alined in parallel rows and sei arated by `void spaces, coveringthe aline'l forms of each row with liexible sheets spanning the spaces between them, securing the sheets to the forms, pouring concrete on the sheets, permitting the saine to harden thereon, and then removing the centering` and` the forms.

That improvement in the art olf constructing concrete flooring ot the `ioist type which consists in mounting` on temporaryl` supports a plurality of vaulted sheet-metal forms arranged lengthwise in rows and longitudinally spaced apart, covering the forms in each row with sheets spanning the gaps between them, inserting hangers 'through the sheets at the gaps, pouring con crete on the sheets, permitting the concrete to harden on the sheets, and afterward removing the forms.

3. 4"rpparatus of the specified class, comprisine` a removable support, a plurality of forms rlaced apart thereon in the direction of their length. and a plurality ot protective sheets of pliable material covering the forms and spanning the gaps between them,

1for the support of a plurality of hangers periorating the sheets and dependent there from between the 'forms and through the platter-in.

(3. That improvement in the art of constructing concrete flooring of the juist type which consists in arranging on a centering latiorni a plurality or sheet-metal toi-ius .el apart, covering?, the forms with sheets able material spanning the spaces betlre forms, perforating the sheets at eres, suspending through the perfoi ,ns a plurality ol hanger wires dependcnt between the forms, pouring the concrete on tne sheets, permitting the same to harden thereon about the top of the hanger Wires, and then removing the platform and the forms.

7. Apparatus nl the specified class, comprising a removable platform, a plurality of removable sheet-metal forms supported on the platform and mutually spaced apart, and a plurality of covering-sheets itted over the toi-ins and spanning the spaces between them, perforated at said spaces and adapted to receive a pluralityy ot' hanger Wires through the covering-sheets, and dependent therefrom between the forms.

Apparatus ol the specitied class, coniprising a plurality oi vaulted sheet-metal forms, spaced apart in the direction of their length. a plurality ot perforated covering sheets fitted tothe terms and spanning the spaces between them, and means for holding the sheets to the forms during the pouring oi the concrete.

9. Apparatus ol' the specified class, coinprising a plurality of forms spaced apart longitudinally on a horizontal openwork platform, and a plurality ot sheets supported on the forms and spanning the gaps between tlien1,lor the support of a plurality ot hangers extending through perforzngions in the sheets and dependent therefrom through the iilatforin.

l0. Apparatus of the speei'ied class, coniprising a plurality or" forms, spaced apart 'in the direction et' their length, a plurality of covering' sheets spanning the gaps hetween the loi-ins for the support of hangers at the gaps, and means lor 'temporarily liolding the sheets to the forms.

ll. Apparatus el? the speeilied class, comprising a` plurality ol spaced forms, a plurality olf sheets spani'iing the spaces between Vthem perforated to receive' a plurality of hangers dependent froinhthe sheets in these spaces, a d means for holding the hangersupliorting sheets to the forms during the pouring oi' the lloor.

1Q. ilpparatus of the specified class, coinprising a plurality of spaced forms, a plurality of covering sheets thereon permeable to water, and an adhesive "agent subject lo deterioration by wetting, lor holding the sheets temporarily to the forms.

l-l. Apparatus of the specilieil class, comilirising a plurality of vaulted steel forms spaced apart in the direction ol their length, a pluralitjI ole sheets olE uonmetallic fabric, resting en the forms and spanning the spaces lielween them, and an adhesive agent for holding the sheets to the forms.

ll. Apparatus ot' the specified classyl coinprising a plurality ot raulted forms aliued and spaced apart in the direction oi' their length. and means supported on the forms for suspending in the gaps between them a plufality o' hangers.

l5. Apparatus of thc specied class, coinprising a plurality of forms, and a plurality of sheets supported thereon which are permeable to Water and stuck to the forms by an adhesive agent subject to deterioration by wetting.

16. Apparatus of the specified class, coniprising a plurality of sheet-metal `forms spaced apart and alined in the direction of their length, a plurality of permeable covering sheets spanning the spaces between the forms, and adapted to receive a plurality of hanger wires dependent from the sheets in the spaces, an adhesive agent for holding the sheets in position on the forms.

17. That improvement in the art ot conv crete construction which consists in supporting horizontally on centering a plurality of longitudinally spaced forms, placing thereon a plurality of covering sheets spanning the gaps between the forms, inserting through the sheets and supporting thereby vidual hangers, and then removing the centering and the forms.

18. That improvement in the art of 'concrete construction which consists in supporting on centering a plurality of spaced forms, placing thereon a plurality of covering sheets spanning the gaps between the forms, fastening the sheets to the forms inserting thereby a plurality of hangers at the gaps pouring the concrete on the sheets, permitting the same to harden thereon around the" heads of the hangers, and then-.removing theI centering and the forms.

through the sheets and holding l'Vitness our signatures at Omaha Ne- 40 

